The Benefits of the Medicinal Cannabis Plant - 746 Words

Typically when someone hears about the legalization of medicinal cannabis they only see the benefits derived from the ‘buds’ rather than the whole plant. Although the plant that has been around since ancient times for its many uses is finally being looked at differently. However, we are going to go deeper into what this simple plant could do for us and how it could save our world for the better. Naturally your body already makes a chemical that is like marijuana- it effects pain, inflammation and many other processes. â€Å"The use of medicinal marijuana can help those natural chemicals work better,† says Laura Borgelt Phar.D., of the University of Colorado. Hemp and Marijuana both derive from the same plant-Cannabis. Hemp is able to make thousands of products; the fibers in hemp are the strongest and last the longest. Homes could be built and naturally insulated with hemp, thus reducing or completely cutting out heating cost- saving us money on bills. Hemp can also give us oil, paper and medicine. Hemp clothed American soldiers during the Revolutionary war, the sails that pushed our ships on the path to the colonies were even made from hemp and the fuel in Henry Fords Model-T was made from hemp. George Washington and Thomas Jefferson grew hemp and were puzzled over the best ways to process the fibers for clothing and rope. In 1619 the Crown ordered the colonists at Jamestown to grow hemp to satisfy England’s enormous demands for maritime ropes. Jefferson even invented a deviceShow MoreRelatedThe Legalization of Marijuana Essay966 Words   |  4 Pagesseeds, and the flowering tops of the pistillate cannabis sativa plant that yields THC and is prepared in a manner to create a euphoric state for the user. This particular plant has many uses and has been explored for its many uses as early as 4000 B.C. The exploration for the many uses of the plant is still being explored and new approaches have been taken for the benefit of potentially creating more useful uses for the plant. Basic uses for the plant have been limited as the years have passed, firstRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal? Essay1304 Words   |  6 Pages Cannabis commonly known as â€Å"weed† or â€Å"marijuana† has been around since the early 2700 B.C. for medicinal purposes. Now and days cannabis has more uses than medicinal reasonings, people use it as a drug and as a product to sell. Studies states that weed has no negative impact to the human body, unlike alcohol which causes brain damage, and serious mental health problems within short and long term useage but, yet it is legal. That brings up the question â€Å"why not legalize cannabis?† With the legalizationRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1581 Words   |  7 Pagesfact that many people are unable to see past the bad rap that cannabis has accumulated over past years. Among the other aspects that have already given marijuana a bad reputation, some people are trying to find more and more reasons to postpone the legalization of marijuana. Since the legalization of cannabis in Colorado, Washington and Oregon the debate of legalizing this â€Å"drugà ¢â‚¬  in every state became a very important topic. Cannabis has shown how effective it can be towards people that are sufferingRead MoreMarijuana Should Be Legal For Medicinal Purposes924 Words   |  4 PagesMarijuana Should Be Legal for Medicinal Purposes You may be surprised, but there are many benefits to medical marijuana. Marijuana should only be legal for medicinal conditions because of the benefits to treat diseases and symptoms. The medical conditions would be inflammation, brain injury, etc... Marijuana should be legalized as it’s been recommended by the doctor for the dosage because it is good for other medical conditions such as chronic pain, brain injury, inflammation, and other symptomsRead MoreMedicinal Marijuana Should Be Legal1512 Words   |  7 Pagespopularly known as cannabis can also be used in the treatment of several ailments apart from its misuse. There are several differences that have been marked with the knowledge pertaining the medical consumption of cannabinoids and cannabis in a variety of sicknesses. For vomiting and nausea that is associated with chemotherapy of cancer, cachexia in HIV, anorexia, chronic, spasticity in numerous sclerosis and injury of the spinal cord are strong evidences of the me dicinal benefits of the plant. For severalRead MoreThe Legalization Of Medicinal Marijuana1382 Words   |  6 PagesThe legalisation of medicinal marijuana is a very controversial topic within Australia. Recently, Victoria took the first steps to legalise medicinal marijuana, referenced in Victorian Government s Access to Medicinal Cannabis Bill 2015 (12th April 2016) and passed by the Victorian Parliament. This is the beginning of â€Å"the process of enabling patients to access medicinal cannabis.† In spite of this forward move, the debate still rages. There are valid and significant stances about whether marijuanaRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1618 Words   |  7 Pagesuse of medicinal marijuana for patients that qualify for it. However, there is still a federal law prohibiting this drug. These people who have medical reasons and qualify through doctor evaluations, can still face federal offenses even though it is legal in the state. If there is a drug out the re to aid people dealing with a disease that could be cured by using this drug why are there so many people against it? Medicinal marijuana â€Å"refers to using the whole unprocessed marijuana plant or itsRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legal?1609 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican Scientist Carl Sagan â€Å"the illegality of cannabis is outrageous, an impediment to full utilization of a drug which helps produce the serenity and insights , sensitivity and fellowship so desperately needed in this increasingly mad and dangerous world†. These are just some of the benefits of Marijuana along with many others. All you have been taught about cannabis in your lifetime is the negatives but it is important to consider facts about the benefits if you would like to form your own opinionRead MoreEssay about Marijuana Legislation: Marijuana Should Be Legalized1119 Words   |  5 PagesTo truly understand why marijuana should be legalized by the federal government, one must have some background knowledge of the medicinal herb. Cannabis, most commonly known as marijuana, originated in China for purely medicina l purposes. The plant later spread to India, Europe, and, finally, made its way to North America. Cannabis was first used as hemp rope and fabric, and by the 18th century marijuana began to be recognized and used in the pharmaceutical industry. However, marijuana became illegalRead MoreThe Legalization Of The Cannabis Cure Essay1287 Words   |  6 Pages The Cannabis Cure Cannabis is a huge economic development in America that has changed to reach people in need of its benefits. In the hands of smart business owners cultivation is apart of an extravagant life cycle of creation. Farmers are now harvesting marijuana yields in 9 U.S. states and pave they way for dispensary pop ups in the years ahead. Alaska, California, Colorado, Maine, Massachusetts, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington, The District of Colombia, and Florida have fully legalized

Parkinson s Disease ( Pd ) - 951 Words

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative debilitating movement disease which gets worse over time (Medscape, 2015). After much research and study no known cause has yet been determined and experts have hypothesized that it is a mix of inherited and environmental factors (Medscape, 2015). However, regardless of the unspecific cause, it is characterized by a significant loss in dopamine transportation to the basal ganglia which manifests itself in the three following physiologic signs: resting tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia (slow and reduced movement) (Mahan, Escott-Stump Raymond, 2012). In North America PD is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders affecting relatively 1% of persons older than 65 years of age and within 5 years 66% of patients are disabled and by 10 years 80% are disabled (Mahan et al., 2012). PD increases in incidence with age, is not partial to socioeconomic status, is more common in whites than in Asian or Blacks and is predominately seen between the ages of 40 and 70 (Mahan et al., 2012). Etiology: Though not clearly elucidated the development of Parkinson’s disease is proposed to be a confluence of both genetic and environmental factors (Medscape. 2015). Endogenous toxins have also been implicated (Mahan et al., 2012). One of the first evidential genetic causes for PD was the discovery of the polymorphism SNCA gene (Medscape. 2015). The SNCA gene encodes the protein called the alpha-synuclein, which is found on the neuronalShow MoreRelatedParkinson s Disease ( Pd )1361 Words   |  6 PagesParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease which is progressive, incurable and debilitating. The disease is caused by a loss of dopamine producing neurons in the brainstem which leads primarily to motor deficits. In Australia, 1 in 350 people live with PD and the prevalence is quickly growing (Parkinson s Queensland, 2014). While most of the people diagnosed with PD are over 65 years old, people as young as 30 can develop the condition (Parkinson s Queensland, 201 4). Currently, thereRead MoreThe Parkinson s Disease ( Pd )1058 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The Parkinson s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer s disease (Lang and Lozano, 1998). It affects about 1% of the population with different ethnic backgrounds throughout the world over the age of 65 (Tanner and Goldman, 1996). The aetiology of Parkinson s disease is not well understood; however, genetic and environmental factors are thought to play a role (Checkoway and Nelson, 1999). Pathologically, PD is characterised by mitochondrialRead MoreAnalysis Of Parkinson s Disease ( Pd )725 Words   |  3 Pages Introduction Parkinson s disease (PD) is the second world s major neurological disease (Laut Breteler, 2006) affecting 6 million people globally (Schapira, 1999). PD is a progressive and long term disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) activity with the following traits including bradykinesia, rigorousness, involuntary muscular contraction and unstable postural alignment (O Sullivan Schmitz, 2007). Basal ganglia are located in the CNS have large nerve fibers and neurotransmittersRead MoreParkinson s Disease ( Pd )1326 Words   |  6 Pages Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most frequent neurodegenerative diseases, falling second to Alzheimer’s disease. It is stated that there are roughly 5 million individuals worldwide and 1 million individuals in the U.S. that suffer from PD. PD arises from the lack of dopamine in the brain along with the degradation of dopaminergic neurons, particularly in the substantia nigra pars compacta.1 The degradation of the dopamine n eurons increases the number of free radicals in the substantia nigraRead MoreParkinson s Disease ( Pd )822 Words   |  4 PagesParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by aberrant ÃŽ ±-synuclein aggregates within neurons causing damage or neuronal death in different regions of the brain with most disease development occurring in the substantia nigra (NIH.PARK). ÃŽ ±-synuclein positive Lewy bodies are another hallmark of PD development (NIH.PARK). Damage or death of neurons leads to a decrease in dopamine production which is required for smooth control of muscle movement (NIH.PARK2, NIH.PARK). ClinicallyRead MoreAnalysis Of Parkinson s Disease ( Pd )1890 Words   |  8 Pagesthe salient characteristics associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are most commonly linked to motor deficits, including tremor and rigidity, a majority of individuals with PD also experience a variety of sensorimotor speech deficits. While listeners often describ e the speech of individuals with PD as unnatural or unintelligible, reflecting many of the phonatory, articulatory, and prosodic deficits linked to the disorder, individuals with PD tend to minimize or even deny their speech differencesRead MoreEarly Parkinson s Disease ( Pd ) Through The Characteristics Of Finger Movement During Typing Essay5181 Words   |  21 Pagesresearch into detecting early Parkinson’s Disease (PD) through the characteristics of finger movement during typing. It begins with a discussion of PD and its symptoms, and then provides an overview of the current and emerging diagnostic strategies for early detection of the disease, with particular emphasis on those involving human-computer interaction (HCI) and the relationship with keystroke biometrics. The scope of the review is to focus on the motor symptoms of PD, rather than the causes, pathogenesisRead MoreParkinsonS Disease, Also Known As Pd, Shaking Palsy, And1530 Words   |  7 Pages Parkinson s di sease, also known as PD, shaking palsy, and paralysis agitans is an idiopathic neurodegenerative disorder; it rises from an unknown cause and increases in severity over time (Ronken). The disease was named after English physician James Parkinson, who first described it in 1817 (Weiner). PD can be defined as the degeneration of neurons in the substantia nigra, which is the area of the brain that contains dopamine cells and regulates movement. As the degeneration of neurons occurs,Read MoreIs Parkinson Disease A Disease?1290 Words   |  6 Pages Parkinson Disease Danielle West University Of Arkansas Fort Smith Medical Terminology Fall of 2015 Introduction Parkinson is a disease that is a glitch in the neurons in the brain, which frequently affects the substantia nigra. Part of the dying neurons produces a chemical called dopamine. As this progresses, the dopamine in the brain decreases. Dopamine is a chemical in the brain which helps the body regulate coordination and movement in the body. Once Parkinson Disease (PD)Read MoreActive Music Therapy For Parkinson s Disease : An Integrative Method For Motor And Emotional Rehabilitation971 Words   |  4 PagesIn the article â€Å"Active Music Therapy in Parkinson’s Disease: An Integrative Method for Motor and Emotional Rehabilitation† by Claudio Pacchetti, MD, Francesca Manni, MD, Roberto Aglieri, Cira Fundaro, MD, Emilia Martignoni, MD, and Giuseppe Nappi, MD published in Psychosomatic Medicine (2000) states that active music therapy is an effective method of rehabilitation for Parkinson’s Disease. As of now Parkinson’s disease (PD) has no effective cure, so all that can be done for those that are affected

Farewell speeches free essay sample

For the better part of my life, this school has been my second home, and it’s really hard to talk about 14 years of memories in one short speech. Now that we’re all here today, officially saying Goodbye to this school, our teachers to each other, it finally dawns upon me what a big piece of my life I’m leaving behind.. Some of you, I’ve known since forever and some of you, just a couple of years. You guys are some of the most amazing people I know and I’m going to miss you all. This past year, I have had the honour of being the head girl of this prestigious institute. I take immense pride in the fact that everyone has shown so much faith in me. All my teachers, every single one of them has played an important role in bringing me where I am today. Always ready to help, academics or otherwise, you are an integral part of me and I thank you for being there when I needed you. This big blue building means more to me than words can express . It saddens me now that I realize I will never be coming back here again. As much as it kills me to say this, Today is the day, today is the day we venture into the world. Today is the day we leave school. Today is the day we say goodbye. But don’t be dismayed at goodbyes ;a farewell is necessary before we Can meet again. Thank You Malhar Bhoite-XII B Good Evening Everybody, I am Malhar Bhoite I wrote this speech last night and the only thing I couldn’t find was the perfect opening line. Everything has been heard and said over the years. All I know, is that I stand here today, with a heavy heart. What does Vikhe Patil mean to me? It simply defines who I am. I like to think of VPMS as a sculptor ,which takes in every year, a group of uncultured minds and sends out every year, a batch of refined individuals, each with a unique character and ambition for his/her life ahead. This difficult task of chiseling is done by our teachers. Today, being one of the outgoing students, I hope I make my teachers and school proud of me. The school has taught me so many skills and values that its not possible to list them down in one small speech. It has been an enriching and memorable journey of fourteen lovely years and being the Headboy this year. It’s a ruthless world out there! The elders say, people will not hesitate to trample you. but, I believe that along with the required skills, one needs to be a good human being to succeed professionally and personally. This, is what I have learnt here. It goes without saying, my life is not going to be the same without school. Being in school subjects you to a healthy routine and discipline. If you stray off the track ,there are always people who will guide back. In college, there is going to be no such support system. Each individual is on his own, and all of us have to face various challenges and make difficult decisions. That’s natural , but how you deal with it depends on how you have been moulded by your parents and school. I am confident that both have done an excellent job and I am ready to take on the world. Also, the kakas Maushis keeping it spic span and making it a pleasure to step into school every morning. I take this opportunity to thank all the teachers for teaching us not only the assigned curriculum but also enlightening us with the valuable lessons of life. next, the management of VPMS for showing us how to run the school with dignity and discipline and ofcourse ! I would like to thank my dear friends, some, who taught me what to do in life by being shining examples and some others, who taught me what not to do! A special thanks to all the teachers present here today for being a part of these final two years. Looking at them take a keen interest and excel in their respective subjects has always inspired me to pursue and master at least one, if not more of these subjects. All my teachers and friends have always been an integral part of my life and not seeing you all again gives me the shivers. I hope to remain in touch with each one of you all forever. I wish all my friends good luck for their future life and I pray that each one achieves his/her goals and dreams. I will miss each and every element of this school but at the same time, cherish the memories of my time spent here. I conclude with a heartfelt thank you and a tearful goodbye to everyone who has been a part of this wonderful journey and yes, even in this moment of sadness I am passing out as a Vikheite Natasha-XII B My first day here was almost 5 years ago and I wasn’t excited at all, The idea of going to a school so different from my old one upset me , but things are different now. In these past 2 years I have done so much and met so amazing people because I realized it’s high time I stopped acting like a snob. Annual day became a fond memory when I tried something new. Sports days here are an unforgettable experience . I can’t forget the chaos and just fell the excitement and enthusiasm in the school. All my teachers deserve a special Thank you. Even though its apparent that I don’t really have an aptitude for this stream. I learnt a lot. Bindu Ma’am’s passion for physics makes her papers a terror but still like the subject. My interest in biology has only increased and after two years of seaving our journals I can draw decent diagram now. I am not going for more time here because this is where I learnt how to let go and move on and I am so grateful for that lesson. But its to leave. I wish everyone here the best wherever they go. We’re all going to need it. Thank you. Parshwanath Doshi-XII B Ladies and Gentlemen, do forgive me if I may sound nervous and unclear in my speech ,for this happens to be my first attempt at talking to a crowd on such a special occasion. If I had to look at myself now from the perspective of my 15 year old self, I most certainly would’ve tried to slap myself awake. Little did I know that I was going to be part of a school that was going to bring out the dormant and creative side of my personality. To be very frank with all of you, I was a very studious and an introvert person. I was striving only to get better marks in the next examination coming my way. Being from a boys school, I had also developed a small phobia of talking to girls. Coming to this school has dramatically changed the way I look at life today. Over the course of 2 years, Parshwanath Doshi, who was only known for his good grades had played the piano on stage, conducted a quiz competition, played a role in an English play, delivered a speech in Hindi, become a prefect, participated in essay writing competition, played  in inter-house football match, run for a Cross – Country race twice and much more. VPMS is the reason why today, I am able to stand before you give this speech. This school’s uniqueness lies in the various opportunities that it gives all of its pupils. The teachers are able focus more on each individual child since the population here is relatively less. In my hours of contemplation during break times, I realised that the children enjoy spending half of their days here. Even support staff seem to love to do their jobs, which is one of the reasons why some of them have been working here for almost as long as I’ve lived. In this rather brief association with VPMS,I have learned many invaluable lessons, for which I am indebted to it. Today. on the threshold of life, before we all part ways, I would like to thank all of you. My teachers, for all the knowledge and guidance you have given me ,my dear friends and all the kids studying in junior classes for being constant reminders of an optimistic and happy life . Thank You Rheeya Uppaal-XII A Good Evening, Honorable Principal Ma’am,, Respected Teachers and my dear friends, Today, as I stand here and speak, I recollect the day the FIITJEE batch joined this prestigious school two years ago. We all came from different schools and boards, with mixed feelings. Some of joy, some of intrigue and some of apprehension of how this school would accept us and what was in store for us to this day. Today when I ponder, I wonder where those two years went.. They simply fleeted by happily on the sands of time and have ushered us to this day. For the second time in our lives , we face the enormous task of bidding adieu to our friends, our teachers, our peers and a part of our lives. Today , another chapter of our lives ends with advent of a shining new one beckoning us! It is ,undeniably difficult to say to goodbye to what better way to do it than celebrate? Celebrate the fact that we, entering these walls as saplings and having been nurtured and cared for by our dear teachers, can now call ourselves young trees, ready to face the world and whatever comes with it. I take this opportunity to thank all our teachers and the administrative staff of this wonderful school for the guidance, love and care bestowed on us over these years. It has been a matter of pride to belong to this institution and we look forward to an unending association with the staff and school. We shall not be dismayed at goodbyes because a farewell is necessary before we can meet again in life. I would like to close with a quote of Winston Churchill says,† This is not the end, his not even the beginning of the end, It is instead the end of the beginning. Thank You cheers to a new beginning ! Aseem Raina Give me some sunshine, give me some rain, give me another chance ,I wanna grow up once again. So now this is it-the end of 12 blissful years of school life . Looking back at all these years that I have spent as a student, I can’t help being overcome with a feeling of nostalgia and emotion. I realise that today I depart with mixed emotions. Joyous, that I am prepared to deal with life’s challenges yet disappointed that I have to leave school in order to move on in life. School has taught me a lot many things. The disciplinary rules never really allowed me to get carried away. The schedule helped me to stay focused on my priorities in life. Here I would know that the manners and character that we inculcate now remains with us in life. They moulded me into a better person and their incessant and timely guidance helped me tackle the academic pressures. Not to forget my friends, I would like to mention here that this is the first time in 12 yrs where I have known more or less my whole class well enough. I have made some really good friends here and may have all helped me when I needed their support, corrected me when I was wrong and praised me when I deserved it. And I really value that. I would like to conclude with this thought-many say that memories are life footprints in the sand, they are washed away with the tides of time. but here I say confidently that these will remain etched in my heart forever. Best of luck to all my friends for their future endeavors. Thank you.

Marijuana Essays - Herbalism, Medicinal Plants, Cannabis Smoking

Marijuana Hemp is the plant called "cannabis sativa" which is more commonly called marijuana. Marijuana has been illegal in the U.S.. ever since the Great Depression. The question we must ask ourselves is "why?" Why is a drug that has so many beneficial uses illegal? Is it because its poisoning the youth of today? Is it because itleads to harder drugs, the health problems, the addictiveness, the short-term memory impairment, the auto accidents,or is it simply because politicians tell us it is for "our own good?" We have grown up learning that marijuana is a terrible drug, and that using it gives us brain damage, kill all of our brain cells, and makes us lose our memory. The fact is though, that marijuana does not effect us in any of the ways listed above. The idea that marijuana impairs short-term memory is true, but misleading. Any signs of short-term memory impairment vanish once the user is no longer intoxicated. Mainly the reason we think marijuana is bad is because that is what the Partnership for a Drug-Free America wants us to believe. They tell us that marijuana will cause brain damage and memory impairment, it will kill brain cells, and lead to more crime. But what they forget to mention is all the benefits we can receive from legalizing marijuana. For example, the medicinal uses, and the textile and construction uses. It is very likely that legalizing marijuana would decrease the crime rate, and by legalizing marijuana we will save a lot of money because we won't have to spend it on fighting marijuana as part of the War on Drugs. There are many habits much worse than marijuana, one example being cigarette smoking. "Tobacco smoking kills more people each year than AIDS, heroin, crack, cocaine, alcohol, car accidents, fire and murder combined. Tobacco smoking is the number one cause of preventable death in the US. Tobacco smokers have 10 times the lung cancer of nonsmokers, twice the heart disease, and are three times more likely to die of heart disease if they develop it. Does it make sense that tobacco is legal and marijuana is not, when so many people die from tobacco smoking each year and there is not one reported case of anyone ever dying from marijuana use in its 10,000 years of consumption? You have probably heard that "one joint is that same as 10 cigarettes," but this statement is misleading. ALthough marijuana contains the same amount of carcinogens as an equal amount of tobacco and more tar, tobacco is still worse. Every yr 350,000 Americans die from tobacco-related disease according to the American Lung Association. A tobacco smoker consumes much more tobacco than a marijuana smoker consumes marijuana. This is probably because tobacco has a 90% addiction rate while marijuana is less addictive than caffeine. Also, tobacco contains nicotine that may harden the arteries and may be responsible for much of the heart diseases caused by cigarette smoking. Marijuana on the other hand contains the chemical THC which opens up the lungs and aids in the clearance of smoke and dirt. I think it is safe to say that tobacco smoking is much more dangerous than marijuana smoking. Another bad habit is alcohol, which in my opinion is the worst of all. 8,000 American teenagers are killed each year and 40,000 maimed from driving under the influence. The mortality figures for alcohol use are 100,000 annually, compared to the zero marijuana deaths. The amount of marijuana needed to kill someone is 1 to 40,000, while the ratio for alcohol fluctuates between 1 to 4 and 1 to 10. Not only do many people die each year from alcohol poisoning, but alcohol has caused thousands of fatal car accidents. Although, marijuana, when used to the point of intoxication, impairs judgement and reaction time, actual studies suggest that the effect alcohol has on one's driving ability is much greater than that of marijuana. In fact, it is found that 85% of marijuana related car accidents also involved alcohol. It is sad to think that a legal drug like alcohol, the drug of choice for most teens, causes so many fatalities on our highways each year, yet marijuana is the drug that is illegal. I personally feel that marijuana is an amazing plant, and it should be being utilized today. The problem is that most people don't know the benefits that can come from marijuana. There are many different beneficial ways for which marijuana can be used. Marijuana can be used for medical and textile uses, for food,

The Message Of Babi Yar Essays - The Holocaust In Ukraine

The Message Of Babi Yar Essays - The Holocaust In Ukraine The Message of Babi Yar There are very few people in the world who are willing to go against the popular trends and do what they feel in their hearts is correct. But Yevgeny Yevtushenko is one of those people. In his poem Babi Yar, he tells the story of the modern persecution of the Jews, focusing on atrocities like those of the massacre at Babi Yar and the pogroms at Beilostok, and also the general anti-Semitism that killed men like Dreyfus and pervades the entire Russian people. The poem uses many literary devices, such as graphic imagery and contrasts, while painting a very clear picture of the scenes of pure horror. Babi Yar is written in many different voices, all of which, however, have the same message. The author starts off with his own perspective, then goes on and describes certain people in modern Jewish history whose lives will forever be remembered as symbols of the time. At the end of the poem the author comes back and speaks in his own voice, yet this time he delivers a message to his people about how they have committed a large number of these crimes against the Jews, yet think that such actions are pure and good for Russia. By switching from the voices of those who were so afflicted by the persecution to a voice of accusation, the author effectively points out how foolish the arguments of the Russians are when they try to point out any validity in killing millions of Jews. The poem starts out with a description of the ravine at Babi Yar. However, all it says is that there is nothing to describe. It calls the steep ravine, which is the grave sight of one hundred thousand people, the only memorial that is there. This frightens the author, because the massiveness of the tragedy deserves at least some recognition. Then Yevtushenko realizes that fear is a part of Judaism, something that is as old as them, and therefore originating with them. He says that he too must be a Jew for he is afraid of what his people and his society have become. Many years ago, in the "ancient days," it would not be such a shock to see the Jews enslaved in Egypt or crucified as a means of torture and death, but even in modern times the same things are going on-he still has the marks from where the nails pierced him. The author has used classical examples of Jewish persecution which every one knows is gone in the physical sense, but show how they still exist in the theoretical aspect, as the persecution is still occurring. In the next three ezzas, the poem takes the ezdpoint of three figures whose stories are pertinent examples of what Yevtushenko is trying to rely in this poem. First the voice of Dreyfus is used, and the ezza describes how horribly and unfairly he was treated, and how the country and its leaders turned their backs on him. There are two important literary devices used in this section. First the author puts the word "pettiness" on a line by itself. This is used as a declaration of what the author feels anti-Semitism is based on. It is because of pettiness that Dreyfus was accused and further because of pettiness that he was not pardoned when it was proven that he had not committed any crime. The next important device is the description of ladies with their umbrellas. This is an image to the wealthy aristocracy of France, who not only turned their backs on Dreyfus and did not help him, but also increased the effort to have him punished unnecessarily. The next Jewish figure whom the author singles out is a boy from the town of Bielostok, where one of the most horrible pogroms ever took place. The entire ezza focuses on the image of how bad the people were who participated in the pogrom. Using graphic images of blood spurting all around and of victims pointlessly begging for mercy, the author clearly shows how wrong the pogroms were and wrong his countrymen were for allowing them to occur. A device the author uses in this ezza is contrast, as in

The Basic English Grammar Rules eBook (PDF)

The Basic English Grammar Rules eBook (PDF) The Basic English Grammar Rules eBook (PDF) The Basic English Grammar Rules eBook (PDF) By Daniel Scocco Last year we had a series called English Grammar 101, where the basic grammar rules were covered. Many readers asked if it was possible to transform that series into an ebook. We thought that the idea was good indeed, and started working on it. Maeve edited the whole thing, adding examples and formating the sections. The ebook (in PDF format) is finally ready, with 34 pages of content. You can download it free of charge. Below you will find the content of the e-book and the subscription form to request your download link. eBook Content Heres a breakdown of the sections you will find in the eBook: Introduction Section 1: Sentences The subject Predicate Praises and clauses The object The complement Section 2: Parts of speech Noun Pronoun Adjective Verb Adverb Preposition Interjection Conjunction In order to download the ebook you simply need to subscribe to DailyWritingTips email list. We only send out one email per week, on Tuesdays, and we only send useful content that will help you to improve your writing skills. Topics covered range from English grammar to punctuation and style. After subscribing your email address below you should receive the e-book download link within a couple of minutes. Subscribe below to receive a download link via email Heres how our email containing the download link looks like. Obviously joining our email list is free and you can unsubscribe anytime you want. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar 101 category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Creative Writing 101Latin Plural Endings10 Tips for Clean, Clear Writing

Strategic Financial Management 2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 1

Strategic Financial Management 2 - Coursework Example Question one. Calculate the adjusted present value (APV) for the project, correcting any errors made in the net present value estimate above, and conclude whether the project should be accepted or not. Show all relevant calculations. (25 marks) Before any attempt should be made to prepare the adjusted present value of the proposed project, Rattle Co must carefully study how the given projected cash flow statement for four years was made, to know where some should remain because they are already correct or whether they need further adjustments. When the needed adjustments are known, the framework is established to do the same with each item in the prepared cash flows, asking whether it should be adjusted or not. Starting with the revenue, it appears that one critical issue would be whether it should be presented with inflation or net of inflation. The answer would depend on what discount rate is used. If the discount rate is with inflation, then the revenue must include the inflation. In the case facts, the inflation was given however, if the discount rate is used with the real rate, i.e. not the nominal one, then presenting the net of inflation of the inflation rate is the proper thing. The 8% inflation rate increase for revenues and 4% inflation rate increase for cost of sales become irrelevant. Working capital requirements appear not to be reflected in the given cash flow. These need to be determined, as they are a factor in any decision. A business cannot operate without working capital. Since the amount of working capital at the beginning of each year is 20% of the forecasted revenue per year, just multiply each given sales figure per year, then it is possible to generate a working capital requirement per year. As computed in the revised and adjusted projected cash flow in Appendix A, the working capital amounts come to  £4,606,000,  £7,320,000,  £9,814,000 and  £5,428,000 for

Judaism , Christianity and Islam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Judaism , Christianity and Islam - Essay Example Knowledge of God and certain religious practices have been handed down from one generation to another even before the age of written history. In the case of the three monotheistic religions, oral traditions have been documented in scriptures, and for which the claim to divine inspiration and revelation had become a common basis of faith and devotion. The Hebrew bible detailed the story of Israel in the light of the covenant between God and His people, and depicts a continuing saga of that relationship and of the saving acts of God. Christians, on the other hand refer to the Old Testament (sourced out from the same Jewish bible) as historical documentation of salvation and prophesies over the coming messiah. The fulfillment of such prophesies and salvation, however is contained in the New Testament which detailed the teachings of Christ, His death and resurrection, and ascension to heaven, including the spread of Christianity shortly after He went up to heaven. For Muslims, the very w ord of Allah, was revealed to the prophet Muhammad by the angel Gabriel. According to Muslim tradition, after this ecstatic experience Muhammad was able to recite exactly what he had been told. The term Qur’an, which means recitation,† occurs several times in the text itself; the term refers either to a fragment of the revelation or to the entire collection of revelations that are known as the Qur’an, the holy book of Islam (Microsoft Encarta) . All scriptures, each creed uses, tells us the story of the promise God made to Abraham, â€Å"I will shower blessings on you, I will make your descendants as many as the stars of heaven and the grains of sand on the seashore† (Genesis 22:17 - JB). There and then, the verse became the basis as to why the three religions are collectively referred to as â€Å"Abrahamic.† Both â€Å"Jews and Muslims, as well as Christians, trace

Emotions & Brody Essay Example for Free

Emotions Brody Essay Brody (2001) defines â€Å"emotions as motivational systems with physiological, behavioral, experiential, and cognitive components† (p. 15). The author adds that â€Å"emotions have a positive or negative valence and also vary in intensity or arousal levels, from mild to strong† (p. 15). Emotional expression indicates outward manifestation on an individual’s face, while emotional experience is a state of feeling that only the individual knows it (Brody, 2001). Emotional expression may either play a role as a self-communicative function or may reflect the behavioral and physiological arousal together with the emotional experience (Brody, 2001). Expression of feelings may help an individual to determine the characteristic of an emotional experience (Brody, 2001). Factors that influence facial expression rely on the individual who expresses the emotion, the individual who perceives the emotion, the message expressed in each channel, and previous experience (Ekman Sullivan, 1991). Facial feedback pertains to patterned proprioceptive feedback coming from the muscle activity in the face or from integrated expressions in the face (Ekman Sullivan, 1991). According to Ekman and Sullivan (1991), the facial feedback hypothesis is an important determining factor of the experience of emotion. The authors add that the facial feedback hypothesis contends that an individual can utilize information from his or her own facial behavior to figure out what he or she feels. The facial feedback hypothesis also claims that the expression of emotion causes autonomic, hormonal, and behavioral alterations that initiate the experience of the emotion (Brody, 2001). Facial expressions are being utilized by individuals as clues as to what emotions they are experiencing or in making judgments concerning their attitudes (Brody, 2001). A positive facial expression show more positive reactions such as understanding instead of anger, than those individuals who are showing angry facial expressions (Brody, 2001). Emotional experience happens when unforeseen changes in personally significant goals are realized (Stein, Hernandez, Trabasso, 2008). The situation that surrounds an emotion starts when a precipitating event happens and warns an individual to some type of alterations in a personally significant goal (Stein, Hernandez, Trabasso, 2008). An emotional episode is defined as a â€Å"sequence of events that includes the precipitating event; appraisals of the change in the status of a goal; the physiological and neurophysiological reactions that occur in relation to the change; the emotional reaction itself; and subsequent appraisal, planning, and behavior sequences carried out to cope with the impact of the goal change† (Stein, Hernandez, Trabasso, 2008, p. 575). An emotional response of an individual should continue to be expressed or experienced if new meaning is realized from discovering a repeated event in order for the event to be connected to new information not previously accessed (Stein, Hernandez, Trabasso, 2008). Appraisal theory contends that emotions rely on understanding the adaptational relevance or personal significance of a situation (Parkinson, 2001). Appraisal is influenced by several factors such as perceptual, sensory-motor, and cognitive processes (Parkinson, 2001). Furthermore, appraisal processes are believed to happen between input and output in a cognitive system of an individual (Parkinson, 2001). They are influenced by an ongoing dialogue, in which interpersonally distributed cognition was used to achieve emotional conclusions (Parkinson, 2001). When an individual describes his or her experience based on a given emotion, he or she has a tendency to manifest distinctive patterns of appraisal corresponding to the given emotion (Parkinson, 2001). This means that an individual’s everyday emotional representations are linked with relatively consistent attributes of appraisal profiles (Parkinson, 2001). References Brody, L. (2001). Gender, emotion, and the family. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Ekman, P. O’Sullivan, M. (1991). Facial expression: Methods, means, and moues. In R. S. Feldman B. Rime (Eds. ), Fundamentals of nonverbal behavior (pp. 163-199). Cambridge University Press. Parkinson, B. (2001). Putting appraisal in context. In K. R. Scherer, A. Schorr, T. Johnstone (Eds. ), In Appraisal processes in emotion: Theory, methods, research (pp. 173-186). USA: Oxford University Press. Stein, N. L. , Hernandez, M. W. , Trabasso, T. (2008). In M. Lewis, J. M. Haviland-Jones, L. F. Barrett (Eds. ), Handbook of emotions (pp. 574-586). United Kingdom: Guilford Press.

David Hicks Speech :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  David Hicks was a 34 year old black male. He was on death row in Texas from December of 1987 to April of 1988, sentenced to die by lethal injection for rape and murder, on April 25th 1988, of his 87-year-old grandmother, Ms. Ocolor Heggar. David was only a suspect because he was near her house at the time of the crime. There was no indication that he had been inside ¡Xexcept, for DNA evidence. The DNA test determined that similarities between sections of DNA removed from David ¡Ã‚ ¦s blood and DNA recovered from semen in Ms. Heggar ¡Ã‚ ¦s house would occur only one time in a total of 96 million people.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the evening of Ms. Heggar ¡Ã‚ ¦s death she was alone in her house. Eddie Ray Branch, her grandson, testified that he visited his grandmother on the day that she was killed. He was there till at least 6:30 p.m. Lester Busby, her grandnephew, and David Hicks arrived while her grandson was still there and they saw him leave. They then went in to visit with Ms. Heggar. While they were there, Lester repaid Ms. Heggar 80 dollars, which he owed her. They left around 7:15 p.m. and went next door to a neighboring friend ¡Ã‚ ¦s house. David Hick ¡Ã‚ ¦s went home alone from there to get something but returned within ten minutes of leaving. Because he was only gone for 5-10 minutes, prosecution theorized TWO attacks on Ms. Heggar because he could not have killed his grandmother during this 5-10 minute period alone. At 7:30 p.m., 15 minutes after the two had left, an insurance salesman called to see Ms. Heggar. He knocked for about 2 or 3 minutes and got no reply. Her door was open but the screen door was closed. Her TV was on. He claimed to have left after about 5 minutes and then he returned the next morning. The circumstances were exactly the same. With concern, he went to the neighbor ¡Ã‚ ¦s house and called the police. His reasoning for being there was because the grandmother ¡Ã‚ ¦s family had taken out burial insurance three days before she had died. David had strong ties and a compact relationship with his immediate family. During the course of the trial, the evidence was presented which seems to clear him: „h Several hairs were recovered from the victim; tests revealed that they were not from David Hicks. One was found to be consistent with Asian hair, another consistent with Lester Busby, the grandnephew.

A day in the Life of Arab

In the summer months of 1985 I was in Beirut, Lebanon on a two months vacation where I met some good people. Ahmed is a grade school teacher in Beirut and I meet him barely one week after I arrived in Beirut, when I was hanging around, pondering about the historical significance of Mount Hermon as it was mentioned in the Biblical history.He lives in the outskirt of Beirut a few blocks from where I am living and he has a deep knowledge of the Lebanese history and culture. One time, I ask Ahmed about what he thinks of Israel, as the Biblical text seemed to point out to Israel as God’s favored nation. Ahmed would usually flare-up when the issue concerns Israel.As I read on some of their historical literature I have learned that despite of the relative wealth of Lebanon, its leaders were divided into three main groups on some national issues.The first group wanted Lebanon to be part of France, while the second group called for the integration of Lebanon with in the framework of Ar ab unity, and the third wanted independence of Lebanon from France. As I was analyzing the political situation in Lebanon during this time, I realized that it was the spirit of Arab nationalism that had prevailed, as most of the Lebanese believed Lebanon is an inseparable part of the world. I noticed that most Lebanese are devout Arab nationalist and their cultures were distinctly in the context of the Arab world. One of its writers even wrote that Lebanon was culturally influenced by the Mediterranean and by the ancient people that inhabited this basin.  As I go around the cities, faces of western influences were evident in most cities through the many facades particularly in the main cities. The Arab traditional lifestyle which revolves firmly around the family, socializing, and hospitality were exactly the case in most families, although those living outside the city especially in the remote areas, retained their old customs and tradition. As I had observed, Lebanese people are generally literate and Lebanon has one of the most technically prepared, and educated populations in the Middle East.In matters of food and drinks, most of Lebanese cuisines were a combination of the European cuisine and the eastern spicy. The Lebanese traditional dishes still exist in many places, which are simple preparations, using grains, pulses and vegetable and fruit. A Typical Lebanese meal on the other hand is the mezze.This is a thorough spread of forty or fifty hors d’oeuvres or simply a salad bowl. However, unlike in other Arabian countries, Lebanese people were the most frequently disturbed people by war, by invasion and annexation of different countries surrounding her. Lebanon at one time was under French government and at some other period was invaded by Syria and Israel. Despite of those troubling wars, and internal chaos, the Lebanese people was thriving economically.In my observation however, despite that this country is an Arab state many of its inhabitant s are Christians and at some times was governed by a Maronite Christian but was assassinated in February 2005. As I analyzed the social and cultural life of the Lebanese society I found out that the root of internal chaos in Lebanon was, there is an unresolved character of the Lebanese national culture.Was the character of the Lebanese society Arab and Muslim in orientation or Christian and Western? There are several strong communities competing to gain control of power in Lebanon such as the Maronites, Christians, the Nusayris, the Antioch Turks, and Bedouin, which reveals the multi-culturism of the Lebanese society that in my view, this multiculturalism should be clearly understood by its people in order for them to gain peace within, and in international relations.ReferenceLebanonhttp://www.arab.net/lebanon/

Absolute Poverty

POVERTY What is poverty? Poverty is the economic condition in which people lack sufficient income to obtain certain minimal levels of health services, food, housing, clothing, and education generally recognized as necessary to ensure an adequate standard of living. What is considered adequate, however, depends on the average standard of living in a particular society. Relative poverty is that experienced by those whose income falls considerably below the average for their particular society. Absolute poverty is that experienced by those who do not have enough food to remain healthy. However, estimating poverty on an income basis may not measure essential elements that also contribute to a healthy life. People without access to education or health services should be considered poor even if they have adequate food. CAUSES OF POVERTY One of the greatest challenges facing many least developed countries especially in the African continent is the worsening scourge of poverty with its attendant effects of unemployment, malnutrition, illiteracy, HIV/AIDS and destitution. There are many causes of poverty complex and multi-dimensional in nature. They involve among many others gender inequality, economical, political and social exclusion. Therefore any intervention measures designed to respond to the challenges above should be judged by their ability to positively make a significant dent on poverty at a micro level (lower levels of society such as the households or individual levels). There should be a clear linkage between macro level policies and micro level impacts in terms of reducing poverty or at least providing an environment for poverty reduction. Such a policy should be able to facilitate the delivery of basic needs to ordinary citizens and these include access to affordable food, health, education, shelter, water and sanitation, public information among many others. No one should be alienated from these basic and fundamental human rights on account of one’s poor economic status. IMPACT OF POVERTY ON BUSINESS OPERATIONS When a person doesn’t have disposable income he/she make purchases of commodities, goods and services. Therefore many cannot increase their sales. Production output drops. Some companies put their staff on short time. This further reduces disposable income. Financial sectors do not grant credit to low- income earners therefore the financial market suffers. Inflation rises. The GDP of the country drops. The price of goods and services increase. The people with low income and those that receive social grants do not have enough many to but commodities. Companies that do not make high turnovers cannot plough moneys back into communities for social upliftment. ALLEVIATION OF POVERTY BY THE GOVERNMENT Aid refers to the net flow of official development assistance provide by governments, international agencies, and public institutions of the industrialized countries. The term is also used to encompass help (both material and technical) provided by non- governmental organizations (NGOs) and voluntary agencies to countries and people in need, particularly for disaster or emergency relief. The overall portfolio of assistance of a donor, or the range of aid I provides to a particular country, is often referred to as its aid programme. The various recognized categories of aid such as: Bilateral aid * Project aid * Grant aid * Technical assistance * Emergency aid/Disaster relief * Food aid * Voluntary aid GLOBAL POVERTY! IS BUSINESS THE ANSWER? When activists discuss the way less developed countries have missed out on the benefits of globalization, Multinational Corporations are often portrayed as the villains. But to some, they are the solution and the only one. CONCLUTION In conclusion I would just like to say that we, as South Africans, need to show the world that we are strong and we are better prepared for global turmoil than we previously were. WE ARE HERE TO STAY!! Absolute Poverty POVERTY What is poverty? Poverty is the economic condition in which people lack sufficient income to obtain certain minimal levels of health services, food, housing, clothing, and education generally recognized as necessary to ensure an adequate standard of living. What is considered adequate, however, depends on the average standard of living in a particular society. Relative poverty is that experienced by those whose income falls considerably below the average for their particular society. Absolute poverty is that experienced by those who do not have enough food to remain healthy. However, estimating poverty on an income basis may not measure essential elements that also contribute to a healthy life. People without access to education or health services should be considered poor even if they have adequate food. CAUSES OF POVERTY One of the greatest challenges facing many least developed countries especially in the African continent is the worsening scourge of poverty with its attendant effects of unemployment, malnutrition, illiteracy, HIV/AIDS and destitution. There are many causes of poverty complex and multi-dimensional in nature. They involve among many others gender inequality, economical, political and social exclusion. Therefore any intervention measures designed to respond to the challenges above should be judged by their ability to positively make a significant dent on poverty at a micro level (lower levels of society such as the households or individual levels). There should be a clear linkage between macro level policies and micro level impacts in terms of reducing poverty or at least providing an environment for poverty reduction. Such a policy should be able to facilitate the delivery of basic needs to ordinary citizens and these include access to affordable food, health, education, shelter, water and sanitation, public information among many others. No one should be alienated from these basic and fundamental human rights on account of one’s poor economic status. IMPACT OF POVERTY ON BUSINESS OPERATIONS When a person doesn’t have disposable income he/she make purchases of commodities, goods and services. Therefore many cannot increase their sales. Production output drops. Some companies put their staff on short time. This further reduces disposable income. Financial sectors do not grant credit to low- income earners therefore the financial market suffers. Inflation rises. The GDP of the country drops. The price of goods and services increase. The people with low income and those that receive social grants do not have enough many to but commodities. Companies that do not make high turnovers cannot plough moneys back into communities for social upliftment. ALLEVIATION OF POVERTY BY THE GOVERNMENT Aid refers to the net flow of official development assistance provide by governments, international agencies, and public institutions of the industrialized countries. The term is also used to encompass help (both material and technical) provided by non- governmental organizations (NGOs) and voluntary agencies to countries and people in need, particularly for disaster or emergency relief. The overall portfolio of assistance of a donor, or the range of aid I provides to a particular country, is often referred to as its aid programme. The various recognized categories of aid such as: Bilateral aid * Project aid * Grant aid * Technical assistance * Emergency aid/Disaster relief * Food aid * Voluntary aid GLOBAL POVERTY! IS BUSINESS THE ANSWER? When activists discuss the way less developed countries have missed out on the benefits of globalization, Multinational Corporations are often portrayed as the villains. But to some, they are the solution and the only one. CONCLUTION In conclusion I would just like to say that we, as South Africans, need to show the world that we are strong and we are better prepared for global turmoil than we previously were. WE ARE HERE TO STAY!!

Strategies Used by Rite Aid Pharmacy Essays

Strategies Used by Rite Aid Pharmacy Essays Strategies Used by Rite Aid Pharmacy Paper Strategies Used by Rite Aid Pharmacy Paper On the second day of the conference, Samson valued her dream of a new store model that was aligned with health wellness and makes the pharmacy the star of the store. Rite Aid had a new marketing theme, With us. Its Personal, This consisted of a more welcoming corner entrance In the store as well as change to the exterior of the store to look warmer and Included a covered drive through pharmacy. The Interior of the pharmacy was to Include wider aisles and nicer waiting areas for customers. At the end of the conference, Samson reiterated Rite Aids six goals: Marketing, merchandising and ammunitions programs supporting Its Neal ; wellness positioning; Hilling, training and retaining quality store associates; Optimizing the chains infrastructure; Unveiling a new store prototype; Rationalizing the store base; and, Pursuing growth opportunities (Long 2004). Rite Aid continues to value the importance of customer service and puts programs in place to stress the importance of greeting customers and assisting them with their purchases. Rite Aid recently implemented new technology to help employees perform tasks faster and easier which will give them ore time to focus on the customer. In 2012, Rite Aid increased the amount of money they spend on training their employees on their customer service skills. (Rite Aid 2012) Another strategic action that Rite Aid has taken to execute its strategy is the consistency of their training to their employees. Rite Aid created the Rite Aid University to bring their entire employee training in one area and under one rooftop make sure that what they are teaching their employees is staying consistent over time. The Rite Aid University has over 75 different training programs from employee management and time management to being taught to use the pharmacy automated dispensing system. (DEER 1998) By keeping their employees training consistent and investing in the newest technology, Rite Aid is taking steps to maintain a cost leadership strategy. Another strategic step Rite Aid has taken is implementing the wellness + loyalty program in 2010. This is a free program for customers that provide incentives to members who enroll based on how many points they accumulate for prescription purchases. You are able to achieve a Fold, Silver and Bronze level in this program. Rite Aid stated that those involved in the wellness + have higher purchases than their non-member customers and they also achieve larger prescription retentions. Wellness + members can also able to receive more rewards and additional savings for future shopping trips. Rite Aid continues to add more enhancements to this program making it more appealing to their customers. They recently added Loader which is a coupon management program and Rite Aid is the first drug retailer to implement this program. This allows customers to save, manage and redeem Rite Aid and manufacturer coupons available throughout he internet via their wellness + card (Rite Aid 2012). Rite Aid has also formed a strategic alliance with NC under which they have opened over 2,100 NC stores- within-Rite Aid-stores NC is a leading nationwide retailer of vitamin and mineral supplements, personal care, fitness and other health-related products. (Rite Aid 2012) Customer Service is the main target for Rite Aid along with technology. Rite Aid stores have implemented a common information system. This new system allows customers to fill and refill their prescriptions in any Rite Aid store throughout the country. Also, customers are now able to order prescription refills over the Internet through www. Irritated. Com or over the phone and they have also added a mobile phone app that gives them the same options as their online website. Rite Aid continues to enhance their technology to better serve their customers. (Rite Aid 2012) All of these steps that Rite Aid has taken are critical to the companys success and helps to keep them on the path of a cost leadership company. Rite Aids strategic alliance with NC, their wellness+ loyalty program and their common information system and new technology could possibly be sources of temporary or sustainable nominative advantage. To evaluate whether they have a sustainable competitive advantage we must use the BRIO framework. First we will we evaluate Rite Aids strategic alliance with NC. We ask ourselves if the alliance is valuable. Meaning, Do resources and capabilities enable a firm to exploit an external opportunity or neutralize an external threat? I believe the answer to this question is yes. Next, we ask ourselves if this alliance is rare, is It currently controlled by only a small number of competing firms? The answer to this question would also be yes. Regarding the question of immutability, do firms without a resource face a cost disadvantage in obtaining or developing it? Yes. Lastly we ask ourselves if a firm is organized enough to exploit the full competitive potential of its resources and capabil ities. I believe that Rite Aid is able to exploit the potential of this strategic alliance. Therefore, Rite Aids strategic alliance with NC is a source of sustainable competitive advantage. (Barney Westerly, 2012). Next, we will evaluate Rite Aids wellness+ loyalty program. I believe this program to be very valuable but due to the brand loyalty. I also believe that this program is rare. Although, Walgreen has a similar program not many other drug retailers currently have a program this beneficial to their customers. Although this program is valuable and rare, I do not believe it would be costly to imitate. Therefore, Rite Aid only has a temporary competitive advantage over its competitors. Rite Aid also incorporates new technology in their stores. They currently have a common information system as well as smart phone applications and online filling and refilling of prescriptions. I believe their use of technology is ere valuable. Most people now prefer to use the internet and their phones for tasks such as these. It is a convenience to customers who do not want to have to go into the store to deal with their prescriptions. Although this is very valuable in the society we live in now, it is not very rare. Many drug retailers are pursuing and currently have the same technology that Rite Aid does. Because of this, Rite Aid only has competitive parity. Rite Aid and Environment Based on my research of Rite Aid, I do believe that the companys strategies and abilities fit within the drug retailer industry environment. Although many strategies they are pursuing are also being pursued by their top competitors, Walgreen and C.V., they are maintaining competitive parity within the industry. These strategies include their development of technology through managing prescriptions online and smart phone applications. Rite Aids main focus is their customer service and they are able to build brand loyalty through their wellness + program. Although Walgreen NAS a salary program, IT Relate AI Is addle to craw In customers to use their program instead then they will build that loyalty with their customers and have the ability to keep them returning for future purchases. In the industry analysis, my group concluded that the drug retailer industry average level of anticipated performance is high due to the Porter five forces model showing that the risk of entry by possible new customers is moderate because the four barriers to entry are somewhat established. The intensity of rivalry within the industry is moderate. Although product differentiation being low increases the threat of rivalry here are millions of people who need drugs so this reduces the threat. The bargaining power of buyers is moderate, as is the bargaining power of suppliers and the threat of substitutes is very high because of general merchandise stores, supermarkets and superstores. Although Rite Aid is not the industry leader in this industry, I believe that they are positioned to keep growing within this industry. I feel that their strategic alliance with NC, who is a well-known nation-wide retailer, will help them continue to grow as well as their continuing use of technology, their ointment to customer satisfaction and their consistency in employee training.

The evolutionary reason reading is hard †and why thats good news

The evolutionary reason reading is hard – and why thats good news This is why reading most documents feels like hard work There’s one thing about reports that people never seem to talk about. Even after 21 years, and training more than 50,000 people to write well, I really cant recall anyone bringing it up. And that secret is this: reading is hard. I don’t mean we find it difficult to read our email or text messages, or even social media. (Though there’s an awful lot more to doing that than you think.) No, I mean reading reports, official guides or any other vaguely technical document is hard. Hard reading is a feeling that’s familiar to us all. We’ve all been there. It’s Friday afternoon and you’re hunched over a dense document, trying in vain to decipher page after page of turgid text. Each sentence seems like an effort as you strain to wrap your head around just exactly what it is the author is meaning to say. More coffee hasn’t helped. You’re now on your third attempt to read the current paragraph and yet – somehow – the words just aren’t going in. And you’re still on the first page. It’s about as enjoyable and effortless as trudging around Ikea on a wet Saturday afternoon – with a hangover. And yet, those words that seem to get lost between the page and your brain are exactly the same ones that someone else thought were the best way to convey important information from their head to yours. Mind-boggling cost I’m not saying this is a new issue – far from it. But these days we have the technology to create these things in vast numbers. Just think how many times something very similar to the above scenario must play itself out in an organisation. The mind boggles at how much that must cost. Yet this is an opportunity as well as a challenge. Reports that are easy to read rise to the top and make way more impact than the rest. They stand out simply because they are different from the majority. And, rather than being a drain on mental resources, they leave us plenty of brain space to consider their implications and make quick decisions on what to do about them. Producing them is easier said than done though. If that were not the case, then everyone would write them and I would have no need to write this blog post. A report thats easy to read is the exception – simply because that’s the type that most people struggle to produce. But theres one important factor here thats easy to overlook. Reading anything is something of a miracle of biology. Understanding that is the key to getting your documents to the top and really making an impact. As you’re reading this, something incredibly complex is going on in your brain. You are looking at greyscale symbols on a screen and converting them into ideas. Abraham Lincoln called it ‘the greatest invention of the world’ – communicating thoughts to the mind through the eye. A human invention And yes, it is an invention. This is not something we evolved to do. We actually evolved to communicate vocally and face to face, over hundreds of millions of years. We’ve been communicating through symbols, what we now call reading, for less than five-and-a-half thousand years. That’s barely a heartbeat in evolutionary terms, and certainly not long enough to have evolved brain structures dedicated to the task. Instead, we take apparatus that we evolved for a whole variety of other situations and co-opt it into deciphering a seemingly endless string of squiggles and dots. We are utilising our brain’s structure for something it was never meant to do. (And on that Friday afternoon, it probably feels like it.) No artificial intelligence can match this feat, even now. You see proof of this every time you answer a website’s demand to confirm that you’re not a robot. That simple statement placed on the site as a graphics file rather than text is all it takes to differentiate you from a cyborg. Narrow focus: your eyes scan text by taking four or five narrow snapshots every second (Dahaene, 2009) Even capturing the words to process is incredible in itself. The fact that you seem to do it easily is just an illusion. In reality, as you are scanning this text, your brain is instructing your eyes to take four or five snapshots every second (known as saccades). There’s only one small area of your retina that has a high-enough resolution to take these pictures (called the fovea), which means that the snapshots themselves are small, too – occupying only about 15 per cent of your visual field. If you stop and freeze your gaze at any one point, you’ll see that you’re only actually focused on one or two words. Each word is then split into fragments, to be reassembled later. And that’s just the start of it. Next, the brain processes the words in the area that all primates – not just us but our monkey and ape cousins – use to recognise symbols and shapes. It’s no coincidence that the shapes most commonly found in nature are also the most common shapes across all written languages – T and L. These shapes (in various orientations) are the most frequent not just in those that use the Roman alphabet – such as English, French, German or Spanish – but Bengali, Thai, Chinese and even the hieroglyphs of the ancient Egyptians. We then cross-check this information against our database of words. Those we recognise get processed down one neural pathway; those we don’t, we mentally pronounce before checking to see if we recognise the sound pattern. We then choose which words we think we’re reading and that (finally) triggers the thought process. Its incredibly complex and to complete it in a fraction of a second takes a lot of brainpower. With most documents, it probably feels like it. You can almost hear the cogs grinding round as it happens. But not all reading feels like hard work. Sometimes you simply don’t notice the cognitive effort going on behind the scenes. In fact, there are many things we read that don’t feel like reading at all. We simply get lost in the flow (even if we didn’t intend to). And that’s the stuff we return to again and again. This doesn’t mean writing that material is easy, of course. Far from it. The old saying ‘easy read, hard write’ has never been more true than when it comes to writing good documents. Make it easier The trick is to write them with the brain in mind. Use good design to make them easy on the eye. Incorporate lots of white space. Use narrow columns that are easy for the eye to scan across and move onto the next line quickly. Use short, powerful words in between the technical ones. Note that this is not the same as eliminating all jargon. Jargon is fine as long as you’re sure that your audience will understand it. But don’t make the process of reading any harder than it needs to be by trying to impress your reader with flowery language. (As Leonardo da Vinci said, simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.) Instead, state things as simply as you can, so that the brain doesn’t have to waste cognitive energy on deciphering what you mean. Devise a structure that flows logically. Draw people in at the beginning with a captivating introduction and then keep your reader reading with a document that flows easily from beginning to end. And then finish as powerfully as you started, so that your interaction with the reader doesn’t stop there. You want them to continue thinking about what you’ve written long after they’ve closed the document. Your aim should be to get into their heads, to set up camp in their brains. Communicate your thoughts to their minds through their eyes in as straightforward a way as possible and you’ll really get them thinking. Take this approach consistently and your documents will be in the small minority that resonate with your readers. They may even thank you for it. But even if they don’t, they won’t forget it. And that will put you in a very strong position. References Dehaene, S (2009). Reading in the brain: the science and evolution of a human invention. London: Penguin Liversedge, SP, and Findlay, JM (2000). Saccadic eye movements and cognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 4(1): 6-14. Kemmerer, D (2015); The cognitive neuroscience of language. Hove: Psychology Press Rubin, GS, and Turano, K (1992). Reading without saccadic eye movements. Vision Research 32(5): 895-902. Spoehr, KT, and Smith, EE (1975). The role of orthographic and phonotactic rules in perceiving letter patterns. Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception and Performance 104(1): 21-34. Image credit: LookerStudio / Shutterstock

Ethical Issues in Health Information Technology Essay

Ethical Issues in Health Information Technology - Essay Example Administrators have a responsibility to behave ethically and respect the confidentiality of the information they maintain, acquire, and use in their roles an organization agent (Berner, 2008). When administrators lose the privacy of confidential information, and the incapability to control how patient’s information is disclosed and used there are potential liabilities that he or she is susceptible to. If one violates the ethical principles, it does not imply automatically that he or she has violated the law. An individual’s actions are subjected to peer review to see whether his actions were justified. If not the individual will be subjected to the legal process where he or she can be charged with causing harm to the patient. Disclosing a patient’s confidential information without the proper procedure is wrong, and the employee may face the full force of the law. However, to minimize the risk that comes with disclosing confidential information the following procedures should be followed. First, the patient should be told the consequences or harm that may come with disclosing the information so be aware of them. Second, appropriate consent of the patient and the health care institution should be provided before disclosing confidential information. Additionally, confidential information can be disclosed without the patient’s consent when the law mandates or permits the procedure for a valid purpose (Layman, 2003). Layman, E. (2003). Health informatics: ethical issues. Health Care Manager, 22, 2–15. Retrieved from

Cultural Impacts On HR Activities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Cultural Impacts On HR Activities - Essay Example This esssay stresses that economy is the second dimension of culture. In this case the production and distribution of the wealth is to be considered. Anything and any item that has value can be regarded as wealth and it is worthwhile till its value is lost and it becomes scarce. This category can also include the goods and services. However, in this case the goods are considered until they provide the services that they are supposed to. This paper makes a conclusion that the multicultural international work force needs to be created for the international operations. The specific example that can be quoted here is that of the multinational firms having their headquarters in the united states. The American managers are sent to the overseas countries to carry out the overseas assignments where they face the cross cultural challenges. Culture here plays the strongest role as the cultural backgrounds teach the managers the manners and the ways to react to a situation. Beliefs and the behaviours are the end products of the culture. The human resource training is being given to the mangers to understand the facts and the sensitivities related to the different cultures. The appropriate and the most suitable intercultural services is the need that should be realised by human resource managers in modern times as here the right selection will be a determinant of the organizations’ success. The global village has opened newer and better opportunities for the organizations to grow by making more intercultural contacts that lets these organizations grow.

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 32

History - Essay Example Yet, new inventions and technological up-gradations are important. Neil Postman has identified a framework that has five factors that he thought is essential for any technological development. The experts feel that the frame work holds good for almost all of the technologies. The five factors are as follows: As the new technology comes in, it has certain advantages and disadvantages associated with it. But those advantages and dis-advantages are never distributed equally among the population and always there are certain gainers and some losers when a new technology is introduced. Western America had been famous for mines. It was in 1848, when James Marshall found gold at a ranch in Northern California. Soon, whole lot of Americans gathered in the region in search of luck through minerals. Some mined for gold while others for silver and other precious minerals. But the technology of mining changed soon. The crude wooden sluices that were used previously were replaced by hydraulic mining that used water jets to break the earth. Such a change impacted greatly over the economy and the society which can be co-related with the Neil Postman’s framework of new technology. As the first principle goes, the new technology called for huge investments and many of the small miners could not bear the cost and they lost the mines to big Western companies. The new technology was advantageous for the big established players and the companies as it called for huge investments. The entrepreneurs who dreamt of making it big through mines were definitely in the disadvantageous positions. The message (third principle) that came with the new technology was that more power was bestowed in the hands of the powerful and the rich with sound infrastructure only could take advantage of it. Though Postman says that the power should not be left to the few, in his fourth principle, most unfortunately same happened. It was only the big companies

Definition and determinants of price elasticity

Definition and determinants of price elasticity Definition of price elasticity (PES) to supply refers to a measurement of relationship between change in quantity supplied and a change in price. There is a few determinants that affects the outcome of the PES. One of the determinants is time period. Supply will be more elastic when time given to a company to change its adjustment is more. In short run, the time given to firms and companies are too short to adjust or change and adapt. For example, Sammys burger face a shortage of beef meat as raw material. It is inelastic if the time period is limited to a few hours only. The price of the burger might increase but the there is simple no other methods to help Sammy. In long run, time given to firms and producers are long enough to adjust their firm size and prepare for firms to enter or leave. In this way, Sammy would have enough time to search for alternate way for new resources. Another determinant is resource substitution possibilities, which means some goods or product that can only be produced or made by using special technique or limited resources. These products have a very low elasticity of supply or maybe zero. However goods which are commonly produced that could be simply found have a relatively high elasticity of supply. Example, Louis Vuitton handbags are all handmade from genuine leather, hence there are less products that may substitute it. The PES of Louis Vuitton is much more inelastic. Question 2B Price Businesses can use the concept price elasticity to decide their pricing strategy by determining whether the good to be sold is inelastic, elastic, unitary, perfectly inelastic, and perfectly elastic. If the price elasticity is inelastic it shows that the percentage change in quantity demanded is less than the percentage change in price. For example, good A is given a discount of 10%, but quantity demanded only increased slightly by a 3%, thus is will be a smarter way to gain more profit by increasing the price instead of decreasing and only quantity demanded will only decrease slightly. Diagram 2.1 shows the demand curve of this case. 10% Quantity demanded D Diagram 2.1- Inelastic Demand 4% Furthermore, when the demand of a certain good is elastic it shows a scenario which the percentage change in quantity demanded is larger than the percentage change in price. For example, good B is an inelastic good, hence giving discounts or decreasing the price will attract more customers, thus increasing the total revenue of the business. Diagram 2.2 shows the demand curve of good B decreasing the price by 10% and earning 20% more quantity demanded. Price 10% D 20% Quantity demanded Diagram 2.2- Elastic Demand Thirdly, if demand of a good is unitary elastic, which the percentage change in quantity demanded equals to the percentage change in price. Any rise in price will be exactly offset by a fall in quantity, leaving the total revenue unchanged. In Diagram 2.3, it shows that when given a 10% discount, quantity demanded will increase by 10%; the total revenue earned is the same as before discount. Therefore, producer should decrease the price of product, manufacturing less goods saving more time and man power and redirecting it to another productive product. Price 10% D Quantity demanded Diagram 2.3-Unitary Elastic 10% When demand is perfectly inelastic, the quantity demanded will not change as the price change. Consumers will not response to any change in price at all. In diagram 2.4, it shows that when price decrease by 10%; no changes are to be seen. Hence if producers increase the price of the product, quantity demanded will not be affected. Price D 10% Quantity demanded Diagram 2.4- Perfectly Inelastic Price Last but not least is perfectly elastic demand, where only slight percentage change in price will cause an infinite percentage change in quantity demanded. This means that consumers have a great response to a change in price. Hence, producers should remain the price or follow the market value and not simply changing the price because a small change can bring an infinite change in quantity demanded. D Quantity demanded Diagram 2.5- Perfectly elastic Question 3A Supply is the production of a certain good or product by suppliers or future suppliers for the market a variation of price at a certain time period. From the law of supply, if the price of a certain good increase, so will the quantity supplied of the good. A supply curve is a graph that shows quantity of goods that producers will supply according to the price. The graph will always sloped upwards to the right side because quantity supply is bigger at a dearer price. Diagram 3.1 shows how a supply curve is. Price Quantity supplied Diagram 3.1 S0 Price There are a few reasons supply of a product will increase. If there is an increase in supply, the supply curve will shift rightwards. Diagram 3.2 shows a shift in the supply curve from S0 to S1. S1 Diagram 3.2 Quantity supplied Firstly, a decrease or increase in the cost of making a good will determine the supply. In this case, cost of raw material or packaging too will affect the cost price. If cost of raw material for a certain good drop, suppliers will tend to produce more good and hence the supply will increase. Example, the cost of flour drops and results to an increase supply of bread. The drop in cost of flour the raw material of bread will lower down the cost of production thus suppliers will be able to produce more. Hence, the supply increases. Secondly, the improvement in technology will affect the supply of a certain good. Improvement in technology is able to decrease the cost of production and increase productivity of a certain good, thus resulting in an increase in supply of good at every price level. For example, the development in robotic arms and computers enabled car manufacturers to produce cars in a faster pace yet with a promising product. Hence, car manufacturers can cut cost at man power and also costly mistakes. Supply will increase as the technology continues to develop. Last but not least, is the price of substitute goods and competitive goods that may affect the supply of a good. Producing these goods requires similarly the same raw material. Hence, producers will choose to concentrate on the product which is more profitable and a better demand rate. Example, nukia N99 is more popular compared to nukia M99, thus producers will try to produce more nukia N99 which is more profitable than nukia M99. Hence supply of nukia N99 will increase. Question 3B Economists are saying that price floor and price ceilings can control the distribution of scarce good to those consumers who value them most highly. Price floor also know as minimum price is set above the equilibrium price to take effect. By doing so, goods have to be sold at a minimum price; hence minimum profits are earned by suppliers. On the other hand, price ceiling or the maximum price is set below the equilibrium price to take effect, lowering the price will attract consumers. Diagram 3.3 shows the price floor and Diagram 3.4 shows the price ceiling. Price S e Pe D Piece ceiling (Max. price) Diagram 3.3 Price Ceiling Quantity Demand Price D S Quantity Demand Piece Floor (Min. price) e Pe Diagram 3.4- Price Floor S : Supply curve D : Demand curve Pe : Price Equilibrium e : Equilibrium point Rationing function of price is the increase or decrease in price to clear the market of any shortage or surplus, while the resource allocation defines as an amount of resource given to a party for a specific purpose. The price floor and price ceiling are said to be stifle the rationing function of prices and distort resource allocation because they are made by the government to make sure suppliers gain profit. But this may result in surplus between demand and supply. As an example, good A is set at a price floor of $20 which is $5 more than the price at equilibrium. Some consumers are willing and able to buy the product at a higher price, and producers will continue supply good A. producers may raise the price of good A, but in return less consumer will buy it. This may result a surplus in the market. Other than that it also results distort resource allocation because not all products are able to be sell out. S: Supply curve D: Demand curve Pe: Price Equilibrium S Price of good A surplus $20 Pe D Quantity demand of good A Furthermore, once a price ceiling is put onto a good by the government, a shortage will happen between the supply and the demand of the product which eventually causes stifle of rationing function of prices and distorts the resource allocation. For example, salts have a price ceiling of $3 per packet, which is determined by the government. In other words, consumers are able to buy salt at a much cheaper price. But suppliers will not be able to make a better profit; hence supply will be limited by producers. This results to a shortage of salt in the market. Distort resource allocation occurs, thus not all consumers are able to buy salt because of the stocks are limited. Price of salt (per packet) S: Supply curve D: Demand curve Pe: Price Equilibrium Quantity of sugar (package) S Shortage Pe $3 D Question 5A The definition of demand can be defined as quantities of a good or service that people are ready and willing to buy at various prices within some given time period, other factor besides price held constant, ceteris paribus. Price of Cintan First of all, a change in demand will cause the demand curve to shift rightwards. Other than the price of the good itself, there are a few other determinants that leads to a shift in the curve. Some of the determinants are price of substitute or complementary good, size of a household income, taste and fashion, weather condition, and etc. the curve will shift rightwards if there is an increase in demand and vice versa. Example, a drop in the price of Maggie instant noodle which is the substitute of Cintan instant noodle drops from $3 to $2. In this case, the demand of Cintan will drop, hence the demand curve of Cintan will shift leftwards. This is because consumers will be attracted by the cheaper good and not the dearer one. According to the law of demand, as the price of a good decrease, the quantity demanded of the good rises and vice versa, ceteris paribus. Diagram 5.1 shows the demand curve of Cintan instant noodle shift from D0 to D1 when a there is a decrease in demand. D1 D0 Diagram 5.1 Quantity Demanded On the other hand, a change in quantity demanded is shown as a movement along the demand curve. The one and only factor which can results a change in quantity demanded is the price of the good itself. When the price decreases, the quantity demanded will increase and vice versa, ceteris paribus. For example, in Diagram 5.2 an upward movement from A to B along the demand curve due to an increase in price of cheese from $5 to $8. The quantity demanded of cheese decreases from Qd0 to QD1 according to law of demand. Price of cheese($) 8 B 5 A Diagram 5.2 D Qd1 Qd0 Quantity demanded of cheese D: Demand curve A: point A B: point B Qd: Quantity demanded Question 5B Income elasticity of demand (YED) shows the proportionate  change  in the  demand  for a good in  response  to a change in households income. YED can also be explained as the percentage change in quantity demanded divided by the percentage change in households income. Below is the way YED is written down in formula form: The percentage change in quantity demanded YED = The percentage change in households income There are several degrees affecting the YED. First degree of all is the positive YED. The outcome of the YED is a positive outcome, which means that demand will rise as income rise too. Positive YED can be further broken down into two categories, income elastic and income inelastic. Income elastic is said to be income elastic when the outcome is greater than 0 but lesser than 1 (0< YED 1) it is said to be income inelastic. This is because the percentage change in quantity demanded differs by a large percentage over the percentage change in households income. The good is known as luxury, example of luxury goods are branded items, sport cars, and branded clothes. Second degree of YED is negative YED, which is a negative outcome of YED value (YED< 0). In this case, when demand falls, income rises. Goods under this degree are known as inferior good. Example of inferior goods are second-hand items, replica items, and low class good. Last but not least is when YED equals exactly to zero (YED = 0 ). This only occurs when the quantity demanded does not change as the income changes. All the goods under this degree are necessity. Basic needs such as rice and salt are utilized on daily life, hence income will not affect the demand. Question 6A Diagram 6.1 Consumer surplus is the difference between total amount that consumers are willing and able to pay for a good or service and the total amount that they actually pay. Producer surplus is the difference between what producers are willing and able to supply a god for and the price they actually receive. The level of producer surplus is shown by the area above the curve and below the market price. Price of good Consumer Surplus S: Supply curve D: Demand curve Pe: Price equilibrium Q: Quantity D S Pe Quantity of good Producer Surplus Consumer surplus shows the highest price customers are willing to pay and the market price that they are actually paying for. Consumer surplus tells us that customers gets the benefit from paying lesser than the actual price. The area under the demand curve and above the price equilibrium represents the consumers surplus. For example. A consumer whom is willing to pay $20 for Good A but the actual price for Good A is only $5 to have it. Hence the consumer surplus is $5 which is the value that is paid lesser than what he is willing to pay. Other than that, the area above the supply curve and under the price equilibrium represents the producers surplus. For example, producers are willing to sell their product shoe at a price of $100 but instead the market paid them $200. Hence, the producers received $100 more than they are willing to take, $100 is the producers surplus. (Geoff Riley, Eton College, September 2006, http://tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/a2-micro-consumer-producer-surplus.html .) Question 6B Scarcity, choice and opportunity cost are the three basic concepts of economics. Scarcity is a case where human needs are in excess compared to resources available. Choice is the time where humans are force to make a choice by scarcity between two or more choices. But for every choice humans make, another will be sacrificed, and the sacrificed choice are known as opportunity costs. The above concepts are best explained by a production possibility frontier graph (PPH) that shows various maximum combination of two outputs that the economy produce. A few assumptions are set on the PPF graph- only two products produced, efficient production, fixes production, and fixed technology. Moreover, any points outside the reach of the PPF is unattainable points and the point which lies beneath the PPF is possible to achieve and is also known as attainable points but usually not desirable, inefficient points. While points on the curve are possible outputs that is known as efficient points. E B A 10 9 C 8 5 D 2 4 3 1 0 Diagram 6.1 Combinations Television Radios A 0 10 B 1 9 C 2 8 D 3 5 E 4 0 Table 6.1 In this case, the society faces a scarce resource to produce televisions and radios. Therefore, the society will have to make a choice to produce which good more or less. If combination A is chosen, 10 radios will be produced while none for television. 4 television are sacrificed or taken as opportunity cost. The following combinations happens as the table shown above.

Total Quality Management Essay -- essays research papers

Management Holmes, Rustin L. Confronting TQM Resisters Head-On - The Medical Laboratory Observer 1996, p. 1-4 Abstract   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Total Quality Management involves employees working in teams toward a common goal to manage the organization. This is a spreading practice in the healthcare industry. However when first presented with this new method of management some people are often skeptical. Many have been working under one philosophy of management for so long that they may find it hard to change over to a new style. There is ways though to make this transition go smoother.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first way is to mandate accountability. After each decision is made make sure each employee knows what is expected of them and when. You must maintain clear commu...

Aristotle & Mill on Capital Punishment

Aristotle & Mill’s Opinion on Capital Punishment Brianna Lelli Hugh Miller Paper #2 Topic #4 October 17th 2011 Capital Punishment is a moral controversy in today’s society. It is the judicial execution of criminals judged guilty of capital offenses by the state, or in other words, the death penalty. The first established death penalty laws can date back to the Eighteenth Century B. C. and the ethical debates towards this issue have existed just as long. There is a constant pro-con debate about this issue, and philosophers like Aristotle and Mill have their own take on this controversy as well.Aristotle is against capital punishment, while Mill believes it is morally permissible. Let me start off with Aristotle. In the Nicomachean Ethics book there isn’t a chapter dedicated to his position on capital punishment, but as a whole, we get an idea of his position against it. For example when he says, â€Å"every state of soul is naturally related to and about whatever naturally makes it better or worse; and pleasures and pains make people base, from pursuing and avoiding the wrong ones, at the wrong time, in the wrong ways, or whatever other distinctions of that sort are needed in an account.These bad effects of pleasure and pain are the reason why people actually define the virtues as ways of being unaffected and undisturbed by pleasures and pains. †(Book 2, 3. 11) Aristotle knows it’s in people’s nature to know right from wrong, and people strive to be virtuous because that is the highest good. Virtuous actions are what people strive for, however they sometimes do the opposite. These actions are called â€Å"vices† which can basically fall into the same category as â€Å"capital crimes† or â€Å"capital offenses† which are the crimes that can be penalized by death.Aristotle believes that no matter how terrible a person acts, they have the potential to overcome it and become virtuous. Everybody has the c apacity to do well and achieve happiness according to Aristotle. People achieve this happiness through their actions and decisions, and we make these decisions by reasoning. Aristotle’s beliefs about human character are almost down to a science. Everything we do has a reason why, and every living being has the capacity to reason. Some people reason to be virtuous but others are vicious and commit crimes such as rape, murder, and treason, ect.Aristotle believes in punishing these heinous crimes, but more importantly, reforming those who commit these offenses through corrective treatments. He believes that since everybody has the capacity to be virtuous, that everybody has the capacity to reason and reform from mistakes. Aristotle would hate to see a person with such potential in life be sentenced to death just because of a bad mistake. He believes the one who did the crime still has a value in society and does not deserve to die.In accordance to Aristotle’s ethics, it w ould never be morally permissible to kill somebody who still has potential to be virtuous, no matter what circumstance. Aristotle believes vicious acts should be punished with fair and equal penalties. He has a whole theory on justice, which is where we get the basis of his ideas towards capital punishment. In his opinion, the death penalty can never be thought of as morally permissible because it is immoral, unconstitutional, and irrevocable. John Stuart Mill, on the other hand, does not share this belief.He is in support of the death penalty for multiple reasons. A major topic Mill focuses on is human nature. He believes all humans know the difference between what’s right and what’s wrong, but he thinks it’s in human’s nature to want to sin and break the law. People want to break the law just because it’s there. That is part of being a human. Sinning is the wrong thing to do, while the right thing to do is whatever produces the most good. Whether people chose to sin or strive for ultimate ends of pleasure, they will be rewarded or punished for their decisions.In Mill’s Utilitarianism, he says â€Å"With many, the test of justice in penal infliction is that the punishment should be proportioned to the offence; meaning that it should be exactly measured by the moral guilt of the culprit (whatever be their standard for measuring moral guilt): the consideration, what amount of punishment is necessary to deter from the offence, having nothing to do with the question of justice, in their estimation. † (IV, 49) Which basically means that the punishment must fit the crime.Mill has an â€Å"eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth† standpoint. If a person commits a terrible crime, they are nowhere near reaching a desirable end, nor do they have capacity to be virtuous, as Aristotle would say. If somebody is guilty of murder, then life in jail is too mild of a punishment for the crime he committed. It goes the othe r way around too. If somebody is guilty of theft, then life in jail may be too hard of a punishment for that particular crime. Mill believes the only efficient punishment is one that is exactly equal to the crime.He doesn’t think a murderer should be allowed to live on with the potential to murder again. Another thing Mill focuses on is general responses among a society. He believes the only way to find desirable pleasure is to ask people and get a general response. So if you asked the family of a murder victim what they would like to see happen to the murderer, a probable general response would be to have him sentenced to death as well, and that is exactly what should happen. We know that Aristotle would oppose capital punishment and Mill is in support of it.Neither Aristotle nor Mill is right or wrong, both their idea’s are just opinions of what is morally permissible. The thing about â€Å"morals† is that they can mean something different to everybody. They a ren’t a part of human nature; morals are brought up through experience and surroundings. Aristotle and Mill lived in very different times. Perhaps Mill had a personal experience where he dealt with proper punishment, which could have shaped what he felt was fair or moral. The same can be said for Aristotle. Even today, the debate about capital punishment exists.Many factors go into people’s side of the argument they’re on. Almost any argument can be shifted to support each side of the capital punishment debate. So you have to consider what was important in society during Aristotle’s lifetime around 330 B. C. and Mill’s lifetime in the late 1800’s. It’d be quite shocking if the two philosophers shared beliefs on this side since they are from two completely different worlds. Another thing to consider is the definition of â€Å"morally permissible†, because permissible doesn’t always mean right.For instance, just because Mi ll believes it’s morally permissible to have capital punishment, that doesn’t necessarily mean he would kill every person he felt did something vicious. Neither Aristotle nor Mill is right or wrong, they just based their morals on their experiences. Aristotle’s main concern is virtue, and if a person has capacity to be virtuous, their life should never be ended no matter the circumstance, whether they’re ill, old, handicapped, or even vicious. Mill has the eye for an eye stand point and feels all punishment should fit the crime equally.In today’s society we see a little bit of both Aristotle and Mill’s theories when it comes to capital punishment. It is not typically our method of punishment in our time, however it does exist if the crime is serious enough. Personally, I agree with Mill more on this issue, just because I think it’s fair to get appropriate punishment, but like I said, it all comes down to the morals of the individual. What happens in the world around us shapes our values and morals. Opinions are never wrong, and neither are morals.